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314 Stainless Steel - 1.4841 - X15CrNiSi25-21 - ~SUH 310

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314 STANDARD VALUES

Composition - Chemical analysis:

C

0 – 0.2

Si

1.5 – 2.5

Mn

0 – 2

P

0 – 0.045

S

0 – 0.015

Cr

24 – 26

Ni

19 – 22

N

0 – 0.11
Chemical name:
X15CrNiSi25-21
Working hardness:
approx. 223 BHN
Delivery condition:
max. 223 HB
Chemical name:
X15CrNiSi25-21
Working hardness:
approx. 223 BHN
Delivery condition:
max. 223 HB
314 stainless steel physical properties
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314 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

314 is an austenitic, heat resistant stainless steel. The addition of silicon, among other alloys, in 314 stainless makes this steel grade more resistant to oxidation and prevents carburization at elevated temperatures.

On the other hand, continuous use at a temperature range of 1202 - 1652°F (650 - 900°C) makes this stainless steel more susceptible to phase changes and embrittlement. This material grade is suitable for cold forming and cold heading, hammer- and die forging and is not magnetizable.

Yes, the 314 is a stainless steel.

To be classified as stainless steel the material has to have a minimum of 10.5% chromium. 314 has a mass fraction of 24 - 26%.
Yes, the 314 is corrosion resistant with a 24 - 26% chromium content.

On a scale where 1 is weak and 6 is good, the corrosion resistance for 314 stands at 6.
Generally the 314 stainless is resistant to scaling at high temperatures and can keep its good mechanical properties at those elevated temperatures.

It shows limitations in more aggressive environments like with chloride ions. For those environments stainless steels with added molybdenum are better suited. 
With the addition of carbon, this alloy is sensitive to intergranular corrosion after sensitization. Though this stainless steel contains 25% of chromium, which improves corrosion resistance, this alloy is not suitable to be used in wet environments.
The 314 offers good corrosion in mild environments due to the chromium content. Chromium forms a protective passive oxide layer that can prevent corrosion or further oxidation.

In aggressive environments, containing chloride for example, the 314 is not as resistant and can be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking.
Above 1202°F (650°C), there already is a limited corrosion resistance to reducing or oxidizing gasses with a Sulphur content.

Above 1652°F (900°C), 314 has only limited corrosion resistance to carburizing gasses or low-oxygen gasses with nitrogen content.
No, as an austenitic stainless steel the 314 is not magnetic in its annealed condition.

Cold working, welding and in specific conditions and prolonged exposure to high temperatures the material can become slightly magnetic. This material grade is not suitable for magnetic clamping.
This steel grade is ideal to use at high temperatures up to 2012°F (1100°C) as it is resistant to oxidation.
314 stainless steel scores 1 on a scale where 1 is low and 6 is high.

Heat the workpiece slowly and uniformly to a temperature range of 1742 - 2192°F (1200 - 950°C) and carry out the hot work.

Do not let the temperature drop below 1832°F (1000°C) and use an annealing treatment after hot forming, especially if the temperature dropped below 1832°F during hot working the material.

Due to its austenitic structure, which makes the material more ductile, 314 stainless steels can be easily cold worked.

Parts that have been exposed to high temperatures, 1202 - 1652°F (650 - 900°C), over a long time are not recommended to be cold worked as the material becomes susceptible to intergranular carbide precipitation as well as intermetallic phase precipitation.

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314 TECHNICAL PROPERTIES

The 314 has a low carbon content and can not be hardened by heat treatment and is therefore not a knife steel.

As an austenitic steel the 314 can only be hardened by cold working it and for a good edge as well as good edge retention knife steel should be hardened and have a relatively high carbon content.
The working hardness for the 314 stainless steel is approx. 223 BHN.

Typically the density of stainless steel 314 is 0.285 lb/in3 (7.9 g/cm3) at room temperature.

The tensile strength for stainless steel 314 is approx. 109.4 KSI (0.145KSI = 1MPa). This value is the result from a tensile test to show how much force is needed before the material starts to stretch or elongate before it breaks.

The thermal conductivity for stainless steel 314 is 15 W/(m*K) (104 BTU/(h-ft*°F)) at room temperature.

314 is a heat resistant stainless steel with good oxidation and excellent chemical resistance at temperatures of up to 2012°F (1100°C).

However, the corrosion resistance of this heat resistant steel is restricted in certain atmospheres (please see corrosion resistance). 

The following table shows expansion or contraction at various temperatures, which may be very important for high temperature works or when working with high temperature changes.

Medium thermal expansion coefficient

10-6m/(m • K)

At a temperature of

~ 17 

68 - 752°F 

~ 18

68 - 1472°F 

~ 19

68 - 1832°F 

~ 19.5

68 - 2192°F 


The specific heat capacity for the 314 stainless steel at room temperature is 0.5 J/g-°C (0.119 BTU/lb-°F). This value shows how much heat is needed  to heat 1lb of material by 1 Fahrenheit.

You can find the temperature dependent material constant (Resistivity) in the following table. The electrical conductivity is the reciprocal value of the specific resistance.

Table of the specific electrical resistivity

Value

At a temperature of

~ 0.9 (Ohm*mm²)/m

68°F 


The stress and strain modulus or modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) for stainless steel 314 is at 29000 KSI (200 GPa).

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314 stainless steel procedures
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314 PROCEDURE

Heat the work pieces uniformly to a temperature of 1922 - 2102°F (1050 - 1150°C) and then quench the parts in water or cool rapidly in air.
This steel grade can only be hardened by cold working it.
314 stainless steel hardening chart diagram

Austenitic steel gets quenched to prevent the formation of chromium carbides and to ensure the optimal corrosion resistance.

Unlike martensitic steels, austenitic steels do not harden when quenched. Quenching should always be done with desired applications and next steps in mind.

Water
Air

Sub-zero treatment is often done to change martensite to austenite.

The 314, already an austenite, can benefit from this treatment to stabilize the austenitic structure as well as improve mechanical properties, stress relief or to enhance corrosion resistance.

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314 SURFACE TREATMENT

While the 314 is corrosion resistant, some surface treatments may enhance this or can be used for aesthetic purposes. When selecting any surface treatment, consideration should be given to applications tools or parts are used for as well as properties they should have.

Here a selection of surface treatments that can be used for the 314:
Pickling removes contaminants, scale and rust from the surface by dipping the material into a nitric and hydrofluoric acid. Pickling leaves the surface finish matte and can help to restore the corrosion resistance after welding for example.
After buffing, the 314 can be polished by hand or machine to a mirror finish. Before starting this process make sure your workplace is dry and dust free.

To polish this material make sure all debris has been removed from the surface so as not to scratch the surface during polishing. Be sure not to over polish the material and to use the correct polishing tools and aids.

Polishing stainless steel removes minute contaminants from the surface that could be the source of a starting point for corrosion.

Both these techniques can produce a surface pattern which can help to reduce friction or enhance adhesion. 

Laser texturing can precisely texture certain areas by removing material from the workpiece with the pulse action of the laser.
Electrochemical texturing is done by connecting a substrate as a positive electrode in an electrochemical cell.

The electrolyte is being agitated resulting in electrochemically etched pits.

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314 PROCESSING

On a scale where 1 is weak and 6 is good, the machinability of 314 reaches a score of 2.

The formation of carbides, in 314, can increase the wear of cutting tools. Due to severe work hardening and poor thermal conductivity, adequate cooling and high quality tooling is required.

314 stainless steels should be machined at a low cutting speed with shallow cutting depths.

Dimensional changes during heating and cooling happen to all material, so too to the 314 stainless steel. When the material is both heated and under high load it might undergo stress relaxation leading to potential dimensional changes.

Considering these changes is important when tight dimensional tolerances are important to finished parts.
Heat the parts up to a temperature range of 2147 - 1832°F (1175 - 1000°C) and finish the process by rapidly cooling the pieces in water or air.

As austenitic steels in comparison to unalloyed steels only have a 30% thermal conductivity and a lower fusion point, austenitic steels should be welded with a lower heat input than unalloyed steels.

To avoid burn through or overheating of thinner parts it is recommended to apply a higher welding speed. 314 stainless steels have a much higher coefficient of thermal expansion than unalloyed steels. Combined with poorer thermal conductivity greater distortion is to be expected.

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314 APPLICATION OPTIONS

Stainless steel 314 can be used at high temperatures up to 2012°F (1100°C) and is resistant to oxidation which makes it ideal for furnace components, ore processing and kiln components as well as heat treatment equipment like heat retorts and heat conductors.

In high temperatures the material does not go soft or brittle which is beneficial when using the 314 in heat exchangers with aggressive atmospheres, high temperature oxidation and carburization.

The 314 can resist creep (a deformation over an extended time at elevated temperatures and high, constant stress) in high temperatures and for extended periods.

• Apparatus engineering for high temperature application
• Automotive industry
• Chemical industry
• Oil industry
• Chains for the cement and concrete industry
• Mechanical engineering
• Furnace construction
• Annealing muffles
• Enamel grates
• Fire baskets
• Heat conductors

314 stainless steel application options
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314 CONCLUSION

S314 stainless steel is a good choice for high-temperature environments due to its high temperature resistance. It has good corrosion resistance in mild atmospheres and is relatively easy to form. As with all materials, the applications and desired properties should be considered when choosing the material.

- Heat resistant
- Chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
- Resistant to oxidation at high temperatures
- Good strength properties
- Excellent chemical resistance at high temperatures up to 1100 °C
- Very good corrosion resistance
- Creep resistant at high temperatures
- Non-magnetizable
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314 ALTERNATIVES

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314 DATASHEET

Download the technical data sheet in PDF format here.

download 314 stainless steel data sheet
Disclaimer

The data shown here has been compiled with the greatest diligence and is regularly updated with regard to the correctness and completeness of its content. The content is indicative only and should not be taken as a warranty of specific properties of the product described or a warranty of suitability for a particular purpose. All information presented is given in good faith and no liability will be accepted for actions taken by third parties in reliance on this information. ABRAMS Industries reserves the right to change or amend the information given here in full or parts without prior notice.