410 Stainless Steel - 1.4006 - X12Cr13 - S41000 - ~SUS 410

Where can the 410 stainless be used?

As a martensitic stainless steel, not as corrosion resistant as an austenitic steel, it has a good corrosion resistance which is often used for cutlery, surgical instruments, valve parts, fasteners, pump shafts, and ball bearings. It can also be used for machine parts, mine ladder rungs, bolts, bushings, screws, and nuts.

Is the 410 a stainless steel?

Yes, with a content of 11.5 to 13.5% of chromium the 410 is a stainless steel.

Is the 410 corrosion resistant?

General corrosion

410 stainless steel has good resistance to atmosphere, fresh water, food, mild alkalis and acids, hot gasses, dry atmospheres and oxidizing atmospheres up to temperatures of about 1112°F (600°C). A smooth polished surface will support this further.

Is the 410 stainless steel magnetizable?

410 stainless steel is magnetizable and is magnetic in its annealed as well as its heat-treated condition. This Steel is suitable for magnetic clamping.

410 stainless steel heat treatment

Stainless steel 410 has a good resistance to scaling at a continuous temperature of 1200°F (649°C) and up to a temperature of 1500°F (816°C) when heated sporadically. 

Annealing 410 stainless steel

The 410 should be fully annealed at a temperature of 1500 - 1650°F (816 - 899°C) followed by slowly cooling the material in the furnace to 1110°F (593°C) and finishing the process by cooling the material further in air.

Process annealing 410 stainless steel

Heat the work piece to 1350 - 1450°F (732 - 788°C) and then cool in air.

Stress relieving stainless steel 410

Heat the pieces to 300 - 800°F (149 - 427°C) and hold them for 1-2 hours and finish the process with air cooling the pieces.

Hardening 410 stainless steel

Heat the 410 uniformly to a temperature of 1700 - 1850°F (927 - 1010°C) followed by air cooling or oil quenching. Then stress relieving or tempering the material.

Quenching 410 stainless steel

Quenching needs to be done rapidly to achieve hardening.

• Air: Forced air is used for more intricate or thinner parts or where the quenching speed is not as important.
• Oil: A common method for martensitic steel. Oil extracts the heat out of the parts and cools them. It may be preheated which allows a more uniform quenching.
• Water/Water Polymer Mixture: These quenching mediums are used when a higher hardness is wanted. Care has to be taken as these mediums can lead to higher stresses and may lead to cracking.

Tempering stainless steel 410

Heat the material to 1100 - 1400°F (593 - 760°C) and hold for 1 - 4 hours and finish with air cooling. Exact temperatures and holding times depend on the final mechanical properties that should be achieved.

Tempering the 410 aids to improve toughness and reduces brittleness left by quenching.

Dimensional changes of the 410 stainless steel

Dimensional changes happen naturally while heating, where steel expands, and cooling, where it contracts, during stress relieving or by uneven heating or cooling where the material may distort. The 410 stainless undergoes phase changes during the heat treatment and transforms from ferrite to austenite during heating and from austenite to martensite while being quenched. The changes in the crystal structure can lead to dimensional changes.

Dimensional changes can be prevented or reduced by controlled heating and cooling processes, using a pretreatment stress relieving before the heat treatment, choosing the quenching medium carefully and where possible manufacturing parts with a machining allowance before heat treatment and then machining them to the final dimension after the heat treatment. 

410 stainless steel Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

EDM is used for parts made from one individual piece, for cutting dies or when making intricate shapes. There are various methods to erode various materials, some of them are for example wire erosion, spark erosion or die sink erosion.

Surface treatment of 410 stainless steel

410 stainless steel passivation

Passivation removes free iron from the material surface and enhances the corrosion resistance by forming a protective chromium oxide layer.

410 stainless steel electropolishing

As a non-mechanical chemical process, using an electric current to remove a thin layer of material can give the 410 a smooth and shiny surface as well as minimize bacterial adhesion which can be an advantage for medical tools and /or food processing equipment.

Nitriding 410 stainless steel

Nitriding can enhance the natural corrosion resistance by introducing nitrogen into the surface. This process can also improve its wear resistance.

Bead blasting 410 stainless steel

Abrasive particles like glass or ceramic beads are blasted against the surface to remove contaminants like rust, paint or scale and to promote a uniform matt finish.

Note: Care has to be taken during this process as the process produces dust and small parts might be propelled back. Protective gear like masks, helmets and protective clothing should be worn and adequate ventilation or dust extraction should be provided.

410 stainless steel PVD and CVD

Both processes, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), bring a thin coating on the surface of the material. This thin hard layer gives the material a wear resistant coat.

410 stainless steel machinability

In the annealed or tempered condition this steel grade is easily machined. It is not recommended to machine this material when hardened to more than 30 HRC as machining becomes difficult then.

Forging in 410 stainless steel

To forge this steel grade, pre-heat it slowly and uniformly to 1472°F (800°C) and then rapidly to the temperature range of 2102 - 2156°F (1150 - 1180°C). Forge the work piece in the temperature range of 2156 - 1742°F (1180 - 950°C) and finish the process with a slow cool in the furnace or in dry ash or other material promoting a slow cooling period. 

Welding stainless steel 410

Pre-heat the work piece to 302 - 500°F (150 - 260°C), post-weld annealing should be done to reduce possible cracking. As coarse grain formation is expected in the heat affected zone, welding should be carried out with an, as low operating energy as possible. Due to the high strength that can be achieved with this steel and because of the possibility of embrittlement, the use of gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen must be avoided during the welding process.

Wear resistance of the 410 stainless steel

On a scale where 1 is low and 6 is high the wear resistance for the 410 stainless steel is 2.  

410 stainless steel tensile strength

The tensile strength for stainless steel 410 is approx. 123.2 KSI (0.145KSI = 1MPa). This value is the result from a tensile test to show how much force is needed before the material starts to stretch or elongate before it breaks.

410 Stainless steel yield strength

The yield strength shows how much stress can be applied before a material plastically deforms. Beyond that point the material will not return to its original form if the stresses are taken away but will stay deformed or even break.

The yield strength for the 410 stainless steel is 1225 KSI (177.67 MPa).

Working hardness for the 410 stainless steel

The working hardness for the stainless steel 410 is 250 - 290 BHN (25 - 31 HRC).

AISI 410 stainless steel specific heat capacity

The specific heat capacity of the AISI 410 at room temperature is 0.46 J/g-°C (0.109 BTU/lb-°F). This value shows how much heat is needed to heat 1lb of material by 1 Fahrenheit.

Steel Properties for the 410 stainless steel

Hot working the 410 stainless steel

This process is done at the temperature of 1382 - 2102°F (750 - 1150°C) and then cooled in air. If smaller plates are being deformed the material should be preheated to 212 - 572°F (100 - 300°C). Heavier deformations should be re-annealed or stress relieved at a temperature of 1202°F (650°C).

Cold working stainless steel 410

In the annealed condition, 410 can be moderately formed by cold working it.

410 stainless steel density

Typically the density of tool steel O1 is 0.282 lb/in3 (7.80g/cm3) at room temperature.

Thermal conductivity of the 410 stainless steel

The heat conductivity for stainless steel 410 is at 30.0 W/(m*K) (208 BTU/(h-ft*°F)) at room temperature.

410 stainless steel thermal expansion coefficient

The following table shows expansion or contraction at various temperatures, which may be very important for high temperature works or when working with high temperature changes.

410 stainless steel specific electrical resistivity

The following table shows the electrical resistivity of 410 stainless steel.

410 stainless steel modulus of elasticity (Young’s Modulus)

The stress and strain modulus or modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) for 410 stainless steel is at 29000 KSI (200 GPa).

Is stainless steel 410 a knife steel?

The 410 stainless steel can be used to produce knives. Though it has a good corrosion resistance the low carbon content means that it does not hold an edge very well. The 410 has a decent toughness if chipping and breaking stands at the forefront. In general 410 can be used for low end knives when corrosion resistance and toughness are important and cutting performance is less important. 

Conclusion

410 stainless steel has a good balance of hardness, corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. 

As a martensitic steel this stainless steel grade is hardenable and can achieve a high hardness as well as being magnetizable which makes it suitable for certain electronic and mechanical applications. 

410 stainless steel datasheet

As a 410 stainless steel supplier we provide you with the datasheet for stainless steel 410 in PDF format.

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