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P20 PH STANDARD VALUES

Composition - Chemical analysis:

C

0.35 – 0.45

Si

0.2 – 0.4

Mn

1.3 – 1.6

P

0 – 0.035

S

0 – 0.035

Cr

1.8 – 2.1

Mo

0.15 – 0.25
Chemical name:
~40CrMnMo7
Working hardness:
approx. 32 HRC (delivery condition) - 50 HRC
Delivery condition:
max. 325 HB
Chemical name:
~40CrMnMo7
Working hardness:
approx. 32 HRC (delivery condition) - 50 HRC
Delivery condition:
max. 325 HB
p20 ph tool steel physical properties
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P20 PH PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

The P20 Ph is delivered as pre-hardened material and can be used in its delivered condition which is beneficial when mold making. In general, P20 PH tool steel is mainly used for plastic molds, die casts and tools but is also suitable for applications such as rails and shafts. The steel grade has good weldability and can be polished to an excellent finish. 


It has a high through-hardenability and uniform component strength which is an advantage when maintaining a consistent performance of tools and molds. For a higher hardness the P20 PH can be further hardened but its hardenability compared to other tool steels is limited and it is not suitable for applications with high stresses.

The P20 PH is not a stainless steel in the classic sense. Stainless steel has a chromium content of a minimum of 10.5% which makes it corrosion resistant.

P20 PH has a chromium content of 1.8 - 2.1% and is therefore not a corrosion resistant steel in the classic sense like stainless steel. 

Additional surface treatment and maintenance as well as keeping parts in a dry environment may prolong the resistance to corrosion but can not hold it back completely.

The iron in the P20 PH makes it ferromagnetic and therefore the P20 PH is magnetizable and suitable for magnetic clamping.
On a scale where 1 is low and 6 is high, the P20 PH scores a 3.

P20 PH can be readily cold worked using regular tooling methods.

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P20 PH TECHNICAL PROPERTIES

P20 PH tool steel is not commonly used for knife making. While it has some of the attributes like edge retention, toughness, corrosion resistance or hardness, it does not have enough.

The working hardness for the P20 PH is in the range of 300 - 469 BHN (32 - 50 HRC).

Typically the density of P20 tool steel is 0.284 lb/in3 (7.85g/cm3) at room temperature.

 

The P20 PH has a tensile strength of approx. 108.8 KSI on delivery (0.145 KSI = 1MPa). In order to reach this value, a tensile test is performed to show how much force is needed to stretch or elongate a sample before it breaks.

The yield strength shows how much stress has to be applied to plastically deform and when the point is reached for the material not to return to its original state after stresses have been removed. It then either stays in the mischaped form or breaks.

The P20 PH range for this tool steel is between 120 - 125 KSI (827 - 862 MPa).

The heat conductivity for the P20 PH tool steel is at 34.5 W/(m*K) (19.95 BTU/(h-ft*°F)) at room temperature.

Heat conductivity table

Value W/(m*K)

Value BTU/(h-ft*°F)

By temperature

34.5 

19.95

68°F

33.5 

19.37

662°F

32.0 

18.50

1292°F

p20 ph tool steel thermal conductivity diagram chart

The following table shows expansion or contraction at various temperatures, which may be very important for high temperature works or when working with high temperature changes.

Medium thermal expansion coefficient

10-6m/(m • K)

At a temperature of

11.1 

68 - 212°F

12.9

68 - 392°F 

13.4

68 - 572°F 

13.8

68 - 752°F 

14.6

68 - 932°F

14.9

68 - 1292°F

p20 ph tool steel thermal expansion coefficient diagram chart
The specific heat capacity of the P20 PH at room temperature is 433 J/g-°C (0.103 BTU/lb-°F). This value shows how much heat is needed  to heat 1lb of material by 1 Fahrenheit.
p20 ph tool steel specific heat capacity chart

The following table shows the electrical resistivity of the P20 PH tool steel.
 

Table of the specific electrical resistivity

Value

At a temperature of

0.47  (Ohm*mm²)/m

68°F 

The stress and strain modulus or modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) for P20 PH tool steel  is at 31.775 KSI (219 GPa).

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P20 PH AS PRECISION GROUND FLAT STOCK OR $MART FLAT STOCK. 

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p20 ph tool steel procedures
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P20 PH PROCEDURE

Heat the material uniformly to a temperature of 1310 - 1364°F (710 - 740°C), then cool it in the furnace.

Normalizing will refine the grain structure and give the steel a uniform microstructure. It can help to improve machinability and can relieve internal stresses which may have been introduced during former heat treatment, forging or casting for example.

Heat the material uniformly above its critical temperature and soak for approx. 1 hour per 1 inch (25.4 mm) of thickness. Then remove the parts from the furnace and cool them in still air.

Finish the process with a thorough inspection that the parts have the desired microstructure and properties.

Heat treatment for the P20 PH is normally not needed as it comes prehardened. For rehardening when needed follow the steps below.

P20 PH should be stress relieved after machining and occasionally during service. Heat the work piece uniformly to 1022 - 1112°F (550 - 600°C) and hold for 1 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of thickness and cool in the furnace.

Reducing stresses prevents the P20 PH from distorting or cracking, improves the mechanical properties of the material and it enhances the dimensional stability which is important for molds.

To re-harden the P20 PH (if necessary), heat the parts uniformly to a temperature of 1544 - 1598°F (840 - 870°C), soak for 30 minutes for the first inch (25.4 mm) and any additional inch of thickness for 15 minutes.

The parts should be quenched in the following media with a temperature of 356 - 392°F (180 - 200°C):

  • • Oil
  • Saltbath
Immediately after quenching the workpieces should be tempered. The tempering temperature should be held for a minimum of 2 hours or 1 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of thickness, then cool the workpieces in air to room temperature.
p20 ph tool steel tempering chart diagram
This diagram shows micro changes over time at different temperatures. Those are important during heat treatment as they show information about the optimum conditions for processes such as hardening, annealing and normalizing.
p20 ph tool steel continuous ztu-diagram ttt-chart structural changes
This diagram shows the structural changes at micro level over time at a constant temperature. It shows at what temperature and after what time different phases, e.g., perlite, martensite or bainite start to build.
p20 ph tool steel isothermal time temperature transformation (TTT) diagram
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P20 PH SURFACE TREATMENT

Following are a few examples of surface treatments that can be given to P20 parts.

P20 PH can be nitrated to add a hard and abrasion resistant surface to the depth of 1/16 inch (0.40 mm).

P20 PH can be polished to a high finish when the correct procedures are applied. To avoid an orange peel effect and pitting,care should be taken not to over polish this material.

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) deposits a thin film on the surface of the material, this treatment enhances wear resistance and can reduce friction.

This process deposits a nickel-phosphorus coating, without the electrical current, by chemical reduction onto the surface of the material.

Black oxide coating can enhance the corrosion resistance of the parts but is mostly done for esthetic purposes. It will give parts a blue-black coloring that will reduce light reflecting off the surface.

Laser surface hardening can localize surface hardening without affecting the properties of the steel and provides better wear resistance in those areas. This is done by using a high powered laser that heats certain surface areas and rapidly cooling those areas again.

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P20 PH PROCESSING

The P20 PH has a good balance of machinability and toughness. For extensive machining use the P20 in its annealed condition rather than in its prehardened state.

When this steel grade is quenched in oil from a hardening temperature of 1550°F (843°C) this material normally expands by 0.003inch/inch (0.0762mm/mm). However dimensional changes during heat treatment are largely impacted by size and shape of the parts. To minimize dimensional changes, it is important to adhere to good heat treatment practices.
P20 PH can be forged within a temperature range of 1650 - 2000°F (899 - 1093°C). Do not forge below a temperature of 1600°F (871°C).
P20 PH can be welded using all conventional methods. Preheat the material to a temperature of 600 - 700°F (316 - 371°C). Do not drop the welding temperature below 600°F (316°C). Fillers should be matched to the hardness of the base metal. Cool slowly to 100 - 150°F, then post heat to a temperature of 1000°F (538°C) for one hour per inch (25.4 mm) per weld depth and do not exceed 1050°F (566°C) as this will result in losing hardness. Double temper if possible.
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P20 PH APPLICATION OPTIONS

No further heat treatment for the P20 PH is intended, this makes it usable as delivered and without any delays.

As further heat treatment is not needed the risks of distortion during the treatment are eliminated and needed properties like high wear resistance, toughness for molds, dies, jigs and tooling is evenly spread throughout.

• Mechanical engineering
• Jigs
• Base plates
• Assembling parts
• Molding frames
• Plastic molds
• Plastic processing
• Injection molds
• Die casting molds
• Hydroforming tools
• Recipient sleeves
• Intermediate sleeves
• Folding bars
• Tool holders
• Extrusion presses
• Tube presses
• Die holders
• Die insert

p20 ph tool steel applications
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P20 PH CONCLUSION

As a tool steel the P20 PH is a dependable and accomplished choice when it comes to molds, dies and tools. It has a great balance of machinability and toughness and is easy to polishable which again is beneficial to the finish of the molded products.

- Quenched and tempered cold work steel
- Plastic mold steel
- Etchable
- High through-hardening
- Uniform component strength
- Nitridable
- Erodible
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P20 PH ALTERNATIVES

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P20 PH DATASHEET

Download the technical data sheet in PDF format here.

download p20 ph tool steel data sheet
Disclaimer

The data shown here has been compiled with the greatest diligence and is regularly updated with regard to the correctness and completeness of its content. The content is indicative only and should not be taken as a warranty of specific properties of the product described or a warranty of suitability for a particular purpose. All information presented is given in good faith and no liability will be accepted for actions taken by third parties in reliance on this information. ABRAMS Industries reserves the right to change or amend the information given here in full or parts without prior notice.