304 Stainless Steel - DIN 1.4301 - X5CrNi18-10 - ~SUS 304
304, corrosion resistant stainless steel, with excellent deep drawing properties, good processability, weldability and wear resistance, non-magnetisable.
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304 Stainless Steel Standard values
Working hardness:
195 BHN - 215 BHN (delivery condition)
Delivery condition:
max. 215HB
Chemical composition in %
0.000000
00.070000
0.070.000000
01.000000
10.000000
02.000000
20.000000
00.045000
0.0450.000000
00.015000
0.01517.500000
17.519.500000
19.58.000000
810.500000
10.50.000000
00.110000
0.11304 Stainless Steel Technical Data
304 Stainless Steel Technical Properties
Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless chrome-nickel-steel with good processability and attractive appearance (ground-high-gloss polished). It has excellent deep drawing properties, is weldable and wear resistant but non-magnetisable and limited machining properties. Average mechanical properties, and conditionally acid resistant.
304 Stainless Steel Applications
food industry, photographic industry, paint industry, oil industry, soap industry, paper industry, textile industry, mechanical engineering, turned parts, fittings construction, kitchen equipment, decoration
304 General Information
Stainless steel 304 is an austenitic steel, also known as 18/8 due to its 18% chromium and 8% nickel composition and has good workability, weldability, heat resistance, strength and good mechanical properties at low temperatures, good hot workability such as stamping and bending. The combination of low yield strength and high elongation benefits manufacturing parts such as sinks and saucepans or hollow ware. 304 stainless steel is easily molded or rolled into a multitude of forms for industrial, architectural and transportation applications.
Corrosion resistance
General corrosion
304 has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and when in contact with different corrosive media. The formation of chromium carbides on the grain boundaries and the resulting chromium depletion in the surrounding areas makes the 304 susceptible to intergranular corrosion. 304 exhibits good corrosion resistance in natural environmental media in the absence of chlorine and salt concentrations.
Pitting corrosion
When in contact with chloride solutions or oxidizing media, pitting resistance is important as those conditions may facilitate the penetration of the passive surface film in places. A single deep point of entry may cause more damage than many shallow ones. If pitting corrosion is expected, steels containing molybdenum such as 316L/316 should be considered.
Intergranular corrosion
Intergranular corrosion is the result due to the precipitation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries when cooled after welding at the sensitizing temperature range of 840-1560°F (450-850°C). Therefore, sensitized materials should not be exposed to corrosive environments as intergranular corrosion may occur at the welding point.
Atmospheric corrosion
304 performs well in urban and rural areas, however for maximum resistance to pitting and staining the addition of molybdenum as in 316L/316 should be used.
Stress corrosion cracking
Austenitic steels are prone to stress corrosion cracking, as can be encountered at temperatures above 140°F (60°C) when the steel is exposed to tensile stresses or comes into contact with solutions containing chlorides for example at the same time.
Heat Resistance
304 steel has good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 1598°F (870°C) and in continuous service to 1697°F (925°C). Not recommended is continuous use in the range of 797-1580°F (425-860°C) if aqueous corrosion resistance is important later on.
Heat treatment
Unlike martensitc steel, 304 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment as no phase changes occur on heating and cooling.
Annealing
Heat the protected steel through to 1630°F (890°C), cool after in the furnace at 40°F (20°C) per hour down to 1560°F (850°C), then further down to 1290°F (700°C) at 20°F (10°C) per hour. This is followed up by air cooling.
Stress relieving
Heat the material through to 1112°F (600°C) after rough machining and hold for 2 hours. Cool slowly to 930°F (500°C), then it can be freely cooled further in air. Stress relieving above 1112°F (600°C) will cause a serious threat of grain boundary sensitization accompanied with loss of corrosion resistance.
Hardening
Preheating temperature: 1110-1560°F (600-850°C)
Austenitizing temperature: 1830-1920°F (1000-1050°C), should usually be done at 1870-1885°F (1020-1030°C)
Parts need to be protected against decarburization and oxidation during the hardening process.
Quenching media
- Fluidized bed or salt bath at 480-1020°F (250-550°C) followed by cooling in an air blast
- Vacuum with sufficient positive pressure
- High speed gas/circulating atmosphere
To obtain its greatest properties cool the parts as quickly as possible, but care should be taken to maintain acceptable distortion. 4-5 bar. The parts have to be tempered as soon as they reach the temperature of 120-160°F (50-70°C).
Tempering
Choose the tempering temperature that needs to be achieved, temper twice and cool between tempering to room temperature. Do not let the tempering temperature drop below 480°F (250°C) and hold at the chosen temperature for a minimum of 2 hours. At the tempering temperature of 480°F (250°C) the best combination of toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance can be achieved.
For our tempering diagram, please click here
Dimensional changes
Depending on temperature, equipment and cooling media used during heat treatment, dimensional changes of approx. 0.15% per side should be taken into account. Also important is the size and geometric shape of the tool and a stress relief should be done between rough and semi-finishing.
Welding
Good results can be achieved, when welding tool steel, if the proper precautions are taken during welding (increased working temperature, joint preparation, choice of filler metals and the welding procedure). For the best results after polishing and photo-etching a filler of the same composition as the base should be used.
Disclaimer
The data shown here has been compiled with the greatest diligence and is regularly updated with regard to the correctness and completeness of its content. The content is indicative only and should not be taken as a warranty of specific properties of the product described or a warranty of suitability for a particular purpose. All information presented is given in good faith and no liability will be accepted for actions taken by third parties in reliance on this information. ABRAMS Industries reserves the right to change or amend the information given here in full or parts without prior notice.